Building structures
Building structures are divided into different types based on construction technology and load-bearing capacity, as well as the materials with which the structure is built:
Structures with traditional materials
These structures are built using bricks and adobe. Therefore, they do not have a high weight bearing capacity. In fact, one of the criteria used by statistical centers to measure the degree of deterioration of building structures is to examine the number of buildings built with bricks and adobe. The maximum number of floors allowed for a brick structure is two floors.
Concrete building structure
The main material of this structure is concrete, sand and gravel. Concrete structures are much more resistant to harsh environmental conditions than structures built with other materials. Concrete has high ductility. For this reason, this material is used in the construction of various types of concrete structures such as bridges, columns, etc. in various forms. Concrete structures are also very resistant to heat. For example, reinforced concrete is very durable when exposed to heat equivalent to 1000 degrees Celsius, and it takes one hour for the temperature of the steel inside it, which is covered with a 2.5 cm layer of concrete, to reach 500 degrees Celsius.
In general, concrete structures are among the strongest and most practical types of structures. These structures show acceptable performance in various weather conditions. Today, with the advancement of technology, examples of lightweight concrete structures have been introduced that allow the construction of taller and lighter apartments.
Concrete building structure
Steel building structures
The main materials of this structure, which are used to bear loads and transfer them to the underlying structures, are steel. The connections used in steel structures are made by welding, riveting or bolting, and the relevant controls are carried out depending on the type of connection. Steel structures are one of the most widely used types of engineering structures. Today, many tall residential buildings, commercial towers, industrial sheds and suspension bridges are built with steel skeletons. It is interesting to know that the only strong competitor of steel in the construction of structures is reinforced concrete.
In the traditional model of building a structure using steel, first the steel parts are transported to the workshop and cut there. Then they are connected together by welding. In new methods, after a detailed map of the structure and its parts is drawn in specialized civil engineering software, the steel parts are manufactured with very precise dimensions in the factory. Then these prefabricated parts are transported to the workshop and connected together by special bolts and nuts or rivets.
Steel Structure
Industrial Structures
An industrial structure is a structure whose skeleton is made of steel and is used for industrial purposes such as building sheds, small and large workshops, factories and warehouses. Steel, which is considered one of the most widely used building materials, is also present in industrial structures. Since sheds and industrial metal structures are very sensitive and require great strength and stability, steel should be used as the main building block of construction.
New industrial structures are more innovative and modern products. Products such as composites or composite materials of various materials that, in addition to being strong and durable, are also very lightweight.
ICF Building Structure
One type of building structure, also known as a permanent insulation formwork, is the ICF building structure. In this model, concrete walls with permanent concrete forms are used. These forms are considered part of the wall after the concrete is poured and have the role of thermal insulation. The ICF building structure, which is classified as a concrete structure, consists of components such as expandable polystyrene, connecting joints, polystyrene on both sides of the wall, and vertical and horizontal rebar. The advantages of the ICF system include high speed of implementation, creating integrated insulation, no need for roof piling, increasing the strength of the building, etc.
ICF building structure
LCF building structure
This structure means a light steel formwork and is supplied in a prefabricated form. That is, it is first made in the factory and then sent to the installation site on the appointed day. After being sent to the installation site and based on a predetermined plan, the components are connected to each other.
In this model of building structure, steel also plays the main role. Thin steel sheets with galvanized coating are welded using bolts and nuts. Then the walls can be filled with different materials as desired. LCF building structures are considered lightweight structures. To implement this structure, the foundation must first be built. Then the walls are placed and then the roof is implemented. Internal and external coatings are also placed with different materials. After the coatings are implemented, electrical and mechanical installations are implemented and finally doors and windows are installed.
The advantages of the LCF system include very light weight, simple installation and implementation, high quality, high durability and hardness, fire resistance, and ... It should be noted that the materials of this structure are completely recyclable and there is very little need for non-recyclable materials during construction. The disadvantages of the LCF system include the need for specialized personnel for implementation and a limitation on the number of floors.
Panel Building Structure
This model is a reinforced concrete structure and in its construction, instead of beams and columns, a semi-prefabricated load-bearing wall is used using the permanent insulation formwork method. The panel structure parts are also produced in a prefabricated form and then sent to the installation site so that after the walls and roof are constructed, their sides are